教育新闻 发表于 2023-10-06
高中英语教学中,常发现学生对一些短语感到模糊不清,在使用上容易混淆,在此,笔者把高中英语阅读中常出现的易混短语按照不同类型归纳如下,并说明其不同之处。
一.有定冠词和没定冠词下列短语意思有别:
1.in charge of,in the charge of
in charge of 意为“管理,负责”,表示主动意义;而in the charge of意为“由...... 负责”,表被动意义。如:
(1)I'll be in charge of the whole factory when Mr.Black is away.
布莱克先生不在期间,由我主管全厂。
(2)This project is in the charge of Mr. Black.
这项工程由布莱克先生主管。
2.in possession of ,in the possession of
in possession of“(某人)拥有”,表示主动意义;而in the possession of意为“(某物)为(某人)所有”,表被动意义。如:
(1)I am in possession of the house.我拥有这所房子。
(2)The house is in the possession of me.这所房子为我所有。
3.at table, at the table.
at table意为“用餐时”表示一种活动;而at the table意为“在桌旁”表示地点。如:
(1) He never talks at table.他吃饭的时候难得说话。
(2)It was his habit to sit at table by the window.
坐在靠窗的桌旁是他的习惯。
4.In front of , in the front of
In front of“在...前面”,就是在某个地方的外边,这是一个固定短语,而其作用相当于 一个前置词,注意这个短语不能用在表示时间“之前”的概念;而in the front of 表示“前部,前方”,也就是在一个地方的范围之内,front作名词。如:
(1)There is a lawn in front of the house.
房子的前面有一块草坪。
There is a teacher's desk in our classroom.
教室前面有一张讲桌。
二.次序如颠倒一下下列短语含义就会迥然不同:
1.in turn , turn in
in turn“依次,轮流”;而 turn in “归还,移交,就寝”。
(1)They bought their tickets in turn.
他们顺次序一个接一个买票。
(2)Turn in everything captured.一切缴获要交公。
(3)We had so much to talk about that it was almost midnight before we turned in.我们有许多话要说,几乎一直谈到半夜才睡觉。
2.such as ,as such
such as“诸如,像”;而as such“照此”,“就以这种身份”。如:
(1)There are many books of reference, such as dictonaries and handbooks.有许多参考书,诸如字典和手册。
(2)He was a guest and was treated as such.
他是个客人,并确被作为客人来款待。
3.a kind of, of a kind
a kind of “一种,有点”; of a kind “徒有其名,同一种 ”。如:
(1)She served me with a kind of coffee. 她请我喝一种咖啡。
(2)She served me with coffee of a kind. 她给了我一杯劣质咖啡。
4.too much,much too
too much用作形容词词组,后跟不可数名词,意为“太多”,中心词是“much” ;而much too 用做副词词组,修饰形容词和副词,意为 “太,非常”,中心词是“too”。如:
(1)He drank too much beer last light.
昨晚他喝了太多的啤酒。
(2)The shoes are much too small for me
这鞋子我穿太小了。
三.下列短语在意义上很容易混淆:
1.as well, may(might,could)as well.
as well 意为“也,还”;而may(might, could)as well意为“不妨,不如”。如:
(1)He knows German as well. 他也懂德语。
(2)Since it's such a fine day,we might as well go home on foot.
既然天气这么好,我们不如步行回家。
2.nothing but,anything but,all but.
nothing but“只不过”;anything but “决不,并不”;all but“意为“差不多,几乎”。如:
(1)His English is anything but correct. 他的英语错误百出。
(2)His English is nothing but correct. 他的英语只是不错而已。
(3)His English is all but correct.他的英语差不多没有错误。
3.only too...to,too...to
only too...to 表示肯定,“特别,非常”的意思;而 too...to表示否定,意为“太...以致不”。如:
(1)He is only too glad to do so.他极高兴去这样做。
(2)He is too glad to do so.他高兴得不能去这样做。
四.下列短语在句式结构的使用上常易混淆。
1.be sure of ,be sure to
be sure of后接名词或动名词,表示“自信,有把握”,是当事人的口气,主语必须是人;be sure to 后接不定式,意为“一定要,必然会,”代局外人推测的口气,主语不一定是人。如:
(1)He is sure of success.=He is sure that he will succeed.
他自信会成功。
(2)He is sure to succeed.=I'm sure that he will succeed.
我想他会成功。
(3)Don't leave your bicycle outside,it is sure to rain tonight.
不要把你的自行车放在外边,今晚一定会下雨。
2.go on+v.-ing, go on+to(inf.)
go on 后接现在分词,意为“继续做某事”,现在分词表示与前面的事相同;go on后接不定式意为“做完一件事,接着做另外一件事,”不定式表示与前面的事不同。如:
(1)We all got bored,but he went on telling us the same old story.
我们都听烦了,但是他还是给我们讲那个旧故事。
(2)Seeing that we all got bored,he went on to tell us something different.
因为我们都听烦了,所以他接着给我们讲了点别的东西。
3.be used to, used to.
be used to后接名词或动名词,used在此等于形容词,意为“习惯于”,可以有各种时态;而used to后接动词,表示过去的习惯,动作或状态,不能用任何其他时态。如:
(1)He is used to hard work.他习惯于艰苦工作。
(2)The Greeks used to say that the knowledge of self is hardest to gain of all kinds of knowledge.
希腊人过去常说,自知之明是各种知识中最难获得的知识。
4.be worth, be worthy of
be worth后接动名词,(主动形式表被动意义),不能接名词, 但可接属于钱款和时间这范畴的名词,be worth+money(time,price,effort labor);be worthy of 后接名词,被动态不定式,如接动名词要用被动态来表示被动意义。如:
(1)The book is worth publishing.这本书值得出版。
(2)The research is worth the time and effort that we have devoted to it.
我们对这项研究计划所花的时间和精力是值得的。
(3)This article is worthy of careful study.
这篇文章值得仔细研究。
(4)This article is worthy of being studied carefully.
(5)This article is worthy to be studied carefully.
从以上十五条短语可以看出,在进行高中英语阅读教学过程中,应该让学生留心观察,重于比较,发现不同,深刻体会,在英语学习中更加准确理解和使用这些短语。